| Each duplicate
format requires special consideration in the composition
of the original material. While original photography
may be done in any format, ranging from 35mm slides
to 8 x 10 transparencies, or even larger artwork
they must all be reduced to fit the format of the
final duplicates.
35mm
Slide Duplicates
The image ratio of the finished slide duplicate
is 1.5 units wide by 1 unit high (See Figure 16
- Cropping of Various Originals to 35mm Slide
Duplicates). If these copies are being made from
similar 35mm slide originals, the ratio is then
the same for both the original and the duplicate.
If the slide duplicates are to be made from any
other original material, the originals will probably
have some ratio other than 1.5 to 1. A 4 x 5 transparency,
for example, has a ratio of 1.25 to 1, and a 2
¼ square original has a ratio of 1 to 1.
In these cases, some cropping of the original
material must be done in copying it to the 35mm
slide duplicate.
Thus, original photography must
be composed and artwork must be laid out with
the final 1.5 to 1 ratio of the slide duplicate
in mind. Only that area of the original material
which fits within the 1.5 to 1 format will be
reproduced. When making 35mm slide duplicates
from a 35mm slide original, many copy cameras
are set up to handle the original slide in its
mount. When this is done, the copy slide must
usually be shot just inside the edges of the mount
to avoid showing the mount edge. Thus, there will
be a small amount of cropping all around the original
and a slight enlargement of the copy image. topˆ
Filmstrips
35mm, 16mm, 110, and Super 8mm format filmstrips
all have final pictures in the 1.33 to 1 ratio.
Since none of the conventional still cameras take
pictures in this ratio, some cropping of the original
pictures will always be necessary. The amount
of cropping and the direction of cropping will
depend on the format of the camera used for the
original photography. See Figure 17 - Cropping
of Various Originals to Filmstrip Duplicates.
The photographer and the artist must keep this
final 1.33 to 1 ratio in mind when composing photographs
or preparing artwork. Only the portion of the
original picture or artwork which fits within
the 1.33 to 1 final ratio will be reproduced.
topˆ
Rear
Screen Projection Systems
In addition to the cropping that takes place in
copying still originals to the 1.33 to 1 filmstrip
ratio, most rear screen projectors will crop some
additional image on the way from the filmstrip
print to the screen. As a general rule, the "safe
areas" for rear screen filmstrip projection
systems can be calculated by allowing a 7% border
all around the 1.33 to 1 image. This "bleed"
area will probably not be seen at all on the rear
screen projection system. Within this 7% border,
an additional 5% border all around the image must
be allowed for bleed that may possibly be cut
off at some of the edges of the rear screen due
to miscentering of the projection system. See
Figure 18 - Rear Screen Projection System Cutoffs.
The result is that something
in the final picture must absolutely be seen in
the final projection, it must be at least 12%
in from each edge of the final picture. If the
image is less important, it can be within 7% of
the picture edges, and the image from the picture
edge to the 7% border will probably not be seen
at all.
A special case is the 35mm slide
projection system that used a square rear screen.
Again, consideration must be made for cropping
of the original photography so that it will fit
the square screen. Since some projection systems
of this type offer both normal and zoom lens positions,
each will require different cropping and program
should be clearly marked for the user to set his
projector to the proper lens position. Figure
19 - Cropping of 35mm Slide in Square Format indicates
the cropping that may occur from a 35mm slide
in both cases. topˆ |
